the ordinary_The Attributive Clause（定语从句）
The Attributive Clause（定语从句） 定语从句概念： 1、复合句中，修饰主句中某一名词/代词的从句称为定语从句。 2、所饰名词称为先行词。 3、引导定语从句并在其中充当句子一个成分的词称为关系词。 定语从句的构成who 主/宾 whom 宾 人 whose 定语 that 主/宾 定语从句
which 主/宾 物 that 主/宾 whose (of which) 定语 1. who指人,作主语或宾语 (作宾语可省略） eg: 1) The man who visited our school yesterday is Mr Brown. 2) He is the boy who I went to school with. 2. whom指人,作宾语 (作宾语可省略) 1) The man whom you are going to visit is a famous writer. 2) Have you met the person whom he was speaking about? 3. Whose : 指人或物，作定语，表示 …的 eg: 1) Harry is the boy whose mother is our Maths teacher. 2) I saw some trees whose leaves were black. 4. which 指物，作主语或宾语 (作宾语可省略) eg: 1) These are the trees which were planted last year. 2) Is this the library (which) you borrow books from? 5. that 指人/物，作主语或宾语 (作宾语可省略） eg: 1) A plane is a machine that can fly. 2) He is the man (that) I told you about. 考点一：介词的提前——若引导词作介词的宾语，介词可以提前构成介词+引导词的形式。 Is this the library (which) you borrow books from? Is this the library from which you borrow books? The man (whom) I nodded to is Mr. Li. The man to whom I nodded is Mr. Li. 注意：这时引导词指人只能用whom，指物只能用which，如果定语从句中的介词短语是固定搭配，则介词不能提前。 eg: 1) He is the man who I am looking for. 2) He is the man who I am looking after. Fill in the blanks with proper prepositions: 1. The sun gives us heat and light, ________ which we can’t live. without 2. The student ________ whom we were talking just now is the best student in our class. about 3. I’ll never forget the day _____ which she said good-bye to me. on 4. Who can give me the reason ______ which he hasn’t turned up yet? for 关系代词前介词的确定 1. 非限制性定语从句中，要表示先行词的一部分时，可用“数词/代词 + of + 关系代词”的结构，如： e.g. 1) There are 50 students in our class, two—thirds of whom have been to Beijing. 2) He has three sons, all of whom are teacher. 2. Whose从句可转换为“ of +关系代词”型，如： e.g. They live in a house, whose door opens to the south. They lived in a house, the door of which open to the south. They lived in a house, of which the door opens to the south. Whose : 指人或物，作定语，表示 …的 eg: 1) Harry is the boy whose mother is our Maths teacher. 2) I saw some trees whose leaves were black. 考点二：that和which的区别 以下情况，引导词用that，不用which。 1. 先行词为不定代词everything，little，much，all，anything，nothing, something, no, some, any, few, one等时，关系代词只能用that. e.g. Finally, the thief handed everything that he had stolen. All that can be done has been done. This boat is the one that Jim gave me. 2. 先行词前有形容词最高级修饰时，用that。 e.g. This is the best book (that) I’ve ever read. 3. 先行词被序数词或者the only(唯一的)，the very（正是那个），the last修饰时，用that。 e.g. He is the only person that I want to see now. This is the first place that I want to visit. That was the last experiment that we did. 4. 先行词同时指人和指物时，用that。 e.g. We talked about the things and persons that we saw then. 5. 以疑问词(who, which, what)开头的疑问句,为避免重复,用 that. Who is the man that has white hair. Which is the book that you borrowed from the library? 非限定定语从句 非限定定语从句即定语从句对整个主句加以补充说明，即使省去，也不影响主句的意思，它和先行词或主句常用逗号分开。 e.g .The baby was ill, which made the mother very worried . 1. This is all ____ I know about the matter. A. that B. what C. who D. whether 2. Is there anything else _____ you want? A. which B. that C. who D. what 3. The last place _____ we visited was the Great Wall. A. which B. that C. where D. it 4. Please take the second chair _______ is over there. A. where B. which C. who D. that 5. Is oxygen the only gas _____ helps fire burn? A. that B. / C. which D. it 只用which，不用that的情况： a. 引导词前有介词时； b. 引导非限制性定语从句时； c. 一个句子中若有两个定语从句，一个用that引导，另一个用which引导； e.g. He bought a book that could give him much knowledge and which could help him to kill the time. 考点三：as与which引导的定语从句 两者均可引导定语从句，但下列情况多用as。当与such或the same连用时，一般用as。 e.g. 1) Such books as you gave me are interesting. 2) I have the same plan as you. 注：当先行词是way（方式方法）时，根据英语的习惯常用that和in which 来引导定语从句， 而且也常常省略；另外当先行词是time（次），其前面用序数词修饰时，根据英语的习惯常用that来代替for which 来引导定语从。如： 1) This is the first time (that) we shall see an English film. 2) The way (that) we did it very simple. 易混淆句型训练 （1）There are two boys in Peter"s，both of ____are white． whom （2）There are two boys in Peter‘s，and both of ___ are white． them （1）John is one of the students who_____ English． know （2）John is the only one of the students who _____ English． knows 关系副词的用法
When 表时间 关系副词 Where 表地点 Why 表原因 注：(一般情况)可以与介词+关系代词替换 when的用法： eg: 1) I’ll never forget the day when∕on which I first went to Beijing. 2) Is this the day when∕on which I visited the museum? 试比较： I will never forget the year which we spent together. I will never forget the year in which∕when we work together. where的用法： 1) Please put the letter on the desk where∕on which he can easily find it 2) This is the factory where (in which) my father once worked. 试比较： This is the factory which I visited yesterday. This is the factory to which∕where I paid a visit. why的用法: This is the reason why∕for which he didn"t come to the meeting. 试比较： This is the reason why he was late. This is the reason which∕that he gave to me. 1. Have you visited the house ______ the famous writer was born. A. in that B. where C. when D. on which 2.Do you still remember the day ________ we first met? A. that B. on that C. where D. when 6.The film brought the hours back to me ____ I was taken good care of in that far-away village (NMET01’). A. until B. that C. when D. where
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