手把手教你打大鼓_手把手教你如何在英文写作中避免性别歧视
1. 尽量不要用通性代词he，除了明确地指代一个男性人物时，都要设法避免使用这个词。可以根据语境需要，选用下列替换方式：
1)采用复数形式。
Sexist: When bathing a baby, never leave him unattended.
Revised: When bathing babies, never leave them unattended.
给婴儿洗澡时，一定要时刻在他们旁边照管。
2)用we/us/our改写原句。
Sexist: From each according to his abilities, to each according to his needs.
Revised: From each of us according to our abilities, to each of us according to our needs.
各尽所能，按需分配。
3)改用第二人称。
Sexist: No man knows his true character until he has run out of gas, purchased something on an installment plan and raised an adolescent.
Revised: You don"t know what your true character is until you have run out of gas, purchased something on the installment plan and raised an adolescent.
只有当汽车没油、分期付款购物和抚养青春期的孩子时，人的本来品性才会显露出来。
4)改用被动语态。
Sexist: One who, when he has the choice of two evils, chooses both.
Revised: One who, when given the choice of two evils, chooses both.
当面对两种罪恶要做出选择的时候就两个都选。
5)完全省略代词。
Sexist: What does a person thinks of after he becomes a deportee?
Revised: What does a person thinks of after becoming a deportee?
一个人被驱逐之后会作何感想呢?
6)用冠词替代。
Sexist: Can a critic give his opinion of...?
Revised: Can a critic give an opinion of...?
评论家能评论...吗?
7)用someone，one，the one，no one等替代。
Sexist: He who can take advice is sometimes superior to he who can give it.
Revised: Someone who can take advice is sometimes superior to the one who can give it.
接受忠告者有时胜过发出忠告者。
8)使用he and she或his and her，但使用的次数不宜太多。she/he仅可用于备忘录(memos)、便条(notes)，或者非正式的交谈之中。
9)用名词或上下文中用过的同义词替换。
Sexist: To find a friend one must close one eye - to keep him, two.
Revised: To find a friend, one must close one eye - to keep one, two.
想找朋友，就得睁一只眼，闭一只眼;想留住朋友，就得双眼都闭上。
2. 尽量使用那些包括两性在内的词，即无性别之分的词(gender-free words)。
例如：child，teacher，officer(警官)，people，worker，immigrant(移民)，voter(投票者，选民)，coach(教练)，church member(教友)，sales rep(推销员)，grand parent(外/祖父或祖母)，leader，evening student，employee (雇员)，test taker (考生，应试者)，engineer，customers(顾客)，dealer(交易者，商人)，clerk(职员，办事员)，civilian(平民)，scientist，operator(接线员，办事员)，patriot(爱国者)，person，planner(策划者，计划者)，politician(政客)，producer(生产者、制造者)，tutor(家庭教师，导师)，reporter，writer，chief executive(首席行政长官)，everybody，expert等。
3. 写信时，如果不知道收信人的性别，最好不要使用传统的Dear Sir和Dear Madam。可以选用下列之一：
1) Dear Friends of the Library(亲爱的图书馆的朋友们)
2)Dear Sir/Madam, (亲爱的女士们及先生们)
3) Dear Personnel Officer(亲爱的人事处长)
4)Dear Committee Member(亲爱的委员)
5)Dear Citizen(亲爱的公民)
6)Dear Customer(亲爱的顾客)
7) Dear Councilor(亲爱的参议员/顾问)
8)Dear Agent(亲爱的代理)
9)Dear Director(亲爱的厂长/局长/主任)
10) To Whom it May Concern(致有关人士)
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